Hybrid Work Rituals: Maintain Remote

This consistency in interaction aids in breaking down silos that usually happen in distant settings, making certain that members are all the time aligned of their objectives and approaches. Simply put, group rituals are integral to sustaining a cohesive and motivated digital staff. Rituals are essential for fostering unity and identification amongst remote team members. These recurring activities contribute to the team’s tradition, create shared experiences, and reinforce a sense of belonging.

how to create team rituals remotely

By the third time we did it, I was calling it “The Awessies,” and it had turn into a ritual people appeared ahead to. Every step of it was exactly the same, from the speech to the selection of random foolish trophies. Even although rituals of synchrony and coordination themselves are low stakes, truly starting one can make you somewhat susceptible. Proposing a gaggle begin a ritual can be putting your self out on a limb. Here’s the way it works – each morning, each individual on the group shares three issues asynchronously in a devoted Slack channel. We must stop trying to patch this with temporary fixes and start building a systematic habit of visibility and appreciation.

It’s an effective way to cross-pollinate concepts and give team members face time with leaders they don’t often work together with. Studies on engagement present that folks lose interest in jobs they don’t find personally fulfilling, no matter their advantages or pay level. According to Gallop, simply 23% of U.S. staff strongly agree that they can apply their organization\’s values to their work every day. Businesses that proudly display organizational values attract individuals who want to work in a spot representing principles that line up with their very own. But companies with a formal set of values usually don’t present a means for workers to connect with them—a gulf that considerably impacts employee engagement.

It’s this familiarity that gives people an innate sense of belonging. We’ve obtained many more ways to help recognition, rewards, and team rituals in every group. Check-in questions might help us measure progress, acquire suggestions, and solve issues. However, their best function is solely engaging with workers, attending to know them better, or making them feel seen. If staff regularly increase issues about benefits, scheduling, or PTO, they’re going to side-eye the sum of money spent on issues they don’t want and didn’t ask for. When including larger rituals, like lunches, parties, and other events that come with a value, convey them in on it.

Coffee rituals are a fantastic opportunity for design team members to debate topics freely. Design lead at Atlassian, Alastair Simpson, has a easy day by day morning coffee ritual format. He asks staff members what they did over the weekend and what work challenges they’re experiencing.

One of the best assets to discover ways to do this is David Friedman’s book, Culture by Design. In it, he offers a step-by-step technique to elevate company tradition, together with a proof about the means to create cyclical rituals that drive success—even with a remote workforce. For an organization to obtain success, it’s imperative to maintain continuity regardless of ups and downs in the market or the world. Continuity is a large enough priority that many companies create Business Continuity Management Programs. Systems backup strategies are sometimes the major target of these plans, but many programs also emphasize maintaining a powerful organizational tradition. Try improv exercises such as “Yes, and” — whatever your colleague’s concept, you say “yes” after which add to it.

Companies have to leverage alternatives to maintain tradition alive regardless of the bodily distance. Similarly, this basketball coach wants his team to all the time end follow on a positive note – with a shot made, not a shot missed. His “Slam Dunk” ritual makes players leave apply trying forward to profitable the subsequent match. Rituals aren’t just about doing one thing, however about the way you do it. It involves aligning a team, focusing more on the duty at hand, and listening to others, amongst other issues.

This stability permits staff members to work when and the place they’re best whereas making certain outcomes don’t endure. Every staff member ought to perceive how their work connects to the organization’s bigger mission. In hybrid environments, this connection can’t be bolstered by way of casual conversations with management or overhearing strategic discussions. It was an actual, notably for that team that have been going by way of some actually tough transformation, it was an actual meaningful moment for them.

Make sure persons are protecting themselves, too; in spite of everything, it’s everyone’s responsibility to look after their own well being. If you see that certain individuals are working lengthy hours, frequently checking in during holidays, and constantly replying to messages during their downtime, you may must step in. Some leaders are so targeted on delivering outcomes that they neglect about those that really ship them. And whenever you’re not in the identical physical space as somebody, it is troublesome to notice the signs of stress and burnout. This echoes the point about setting clear expectations — however from either side.

This easy change promotes appreciation for every other’s strengths and creates area for enjoyable discovery. Shared rituals help pull collectively a various workforce and tighten its tradition. Culture for distant and hybrid teamsRemote work shifts the finest way culture is expressed. NorthPoint’s coworking areas excel at combining privacy with neighborhood — real areas where spontaneous collaboration can happen. Hybrid rituals should reflect these strengths by deliberately bridging on-line and physical hubs.

Given the quantity of labor, it’s inevitable this can happen regularly, so she should discover a resolution. On the flip side, rituals additionally assist people really feel more confident in themselves and their skills. Given rituals are deeply emotional, they’re shown to help give people a raise when they need it most. To truly perceive team rituals, let’s break that down into extra detail.

This activity works nicely in hybrid settings, as remote and in-office individuals can study and apply through video conferencing. Create structured casual interactions like virtual espresso chats, mentoring programs with specific distant components, and documentation of institutional information and relationships. Use office time for specific purposes like strategic planning, relationship constructing, and complicated collaboration somewhat than requiring arbitrary attendance schedules. Focus on creating equal participation alternatives no matter location.

(We’ll share some staff engagement ideas that meet that standards coming up.) Starting small will increase participation and reduces strain to show enthusiasm. Employees will be sizing up the duty or exercise, so let them process the entire expertise earlier than judging whether or not or not they prefer it. Both of those approaches could work, however solely to an extent, and not for job engagement.

Done right, group rituals are a robust approach to build togetherness and shared values inside a group. Team rituals are a key constructing block for staff tradition, too, contributing to different factors such as staff motivation, worker well-being, and collective efficiency. Rituals tie your team collectively, creating a shared objective and a strong tradition.

To handle time zone coordination effectively, prioritize asynchronous communication, allowing team members to contribute on their schedules. Use shared tools like calendars and recordings to maintain everyone in sync. For example, scheduling overlapping hours for real-time conferences guarantees everyone’s voice is heard without disrupting particular person work rhythms. Additionally, incorporating efficient storytelling strategies might help group members share their experiences extra engagingly, fostering stronger connections during these casual interactions. Successful organizations have been using staff rituals to bring folks together for a couple of years. However, it took a global pandemic for many firms to find the power of well-designed rituals.

These spotlight the facility of collaborative, various groups in achieving bold targets. Onboarding new group members is crucial, particularly in remote settings where informal office interactions are restricted. Structured remote onboarding offers a complete system to integrate new hires both technically and socially. So when I’m requested by leaders about what they’ll do to enhance their team’s “alignment,” one of the first issues I’ll often recommend is to create some rituals.

And if you want a weekly meeting, you presumably can attempt the Weekly template. As another proof of the effectiveness of this new method, the use of Klaxoon has spread throughout the Crédit Agricole Côtes d’Armor network. Now, more than 35 regional banks and nearly 40,000 individuals use the platform each day.

There are some tools to succeed in these, however a nice way is to really spend time together, so to have conferences. Consider sending a cocktail kit (or a non-alcoholic alternative) to every team member to assist them chill out and bond amid these difficulties. This nice gesture not only supplies a touch of fun but in addition helps easy connection as group members might have a shared expertise whereas participating in the actions. It helps individuals really feel nearer even when they are not in the same room.

The best team traditions balance construction with flexibility, permitting them to evolve whereas maintaining their core objective. Creating traditions that resonate requires understanding your specific team dynamics, industry challenges, and organizational values. Ceremonies of a design staff is another description of design group conferences. This is from Threefold, written by Shane Doyle, and is a pleasant perception into the goals served and how to construction each of the staff rituals. Digital artistic evenings are superb for cultivating connections in distant teams.

For lots of the groups who work at present in geographically distributed locations, sometimes even in numerous time zones, sustaining an excellent cohesion while working remotely is a every day challenge. This is what ultimately promotes clean communication and environment friendly working together. Workplace rituals are available many sizes and shapes, however the simplest ones are those that foster belonging, boost morale, and reinforce a constructive culture.

Many workers can simply burn out at work and personal/work boundaries bleed into each other. Plug in Research As a manager, it’s important to set clear expectations for remote working hours and check in with individuals and collectively as a group on how it’s working. Here are some frequent mistakes to avoid when main distant groups, together with sensible tips to keep your team engaged and on track.

They require all team members to participate and make collaboration and over-communication a habit, and subsequently a cultural expectation of the group. Another revolutionary approach is to make the most of video platforms for engaging group actions. Hosting weekly video periods that focus on enjoyable themes or shared pursuits can amplify staff spirit and participation.

how to create team rituals remotely

These video occasions may embrace a ‘show and tell’ session, the place group members share one thing unique about their work or private life, creating an opportunity for deeper connections. This type of interplay allows staff members to explore every other’s personalities, enhancing the overall group dynamic. Transitioning conventional work rituals into virtual spaces requires creativity and an understanding of your team’s unique dynamics. In remote work settings, rituals have to be adapted to ensure they align with the digital landscape and the varied wants of staff members.

Once rituals are established, communicate particulars like occasions, formats, and expectations. But greater than that, they humanize the office, reminding us that behind every Zoom name or Slack message is a real individual. They create predictability, promote emotional safety, and construct stronger relationships. These casual conversations usually lead to stronger collaboration and a extra human office. These small rituals help ease the transition into work, set a optimistic tone, and provide a delicate landing earlier than jumping into deliverables.

Implementing rituals like “Team Member of the Month” can keep positivity. Encouraging regular reward and acknowledgment builds morale and reinforces firm values. Teams that remember accomplishments see a 20% improve in employee retention. Team rituals are customs your group performs routinely together.

Monthly learning classes create an setting of continuous growth while leveraging the diverse talent units inside your group. They enhance collaboration, enhance communication abilities, and promote innovative thinking among staff. Like most new issues your staff tries, the finest way to know what’s working is to look at and check-in along with your staff regularly. Here are some questions you possibly can ask your self and your staff as you go. These are just some ideas for rituals — feel free to create your own. Identify the challenges you wish to handle, then begin with small-scale experiments and iterate.

Studies present that teams utilizing video conferences report higher engagement and retention rates, with staff who feel linked to company tradition being 23% more productive. Building an inclusive staff setting is significant in remote groups, where private disconnection can occur. Icebreaker questions function a useful team ritual to advertise openness, breaking down obstacles and encouraging interaction. By selecting the best team query, these icebreakers can create a welcoming atmosphere, in the end fostering a way of belonging. This part delves into effectively tailoring icebreaker questions for distant settings to maximize connection and engagement amongst staff members. Have you ever seen how the smallest routines can quietly hold a staff together?

Recognizing cybersecurity efforts can additional emphasize the significance of every member’s contributions in maintaining group safety and cohesion. Additionally, celebrating team traditions like themed dress-up days or themed digital backgrounds can add a enjoyable and fascinating factor to your weekly rituals. Sometimes, the best staff constructing occurs organically by way of shared initiatives.

Donut mechanically pairs individuals up to permit them to meet and chat, even if they’re not in the same office or in the same timezone. Belonging faucets into a elementary human desire to connect with folks around us. This is why diversity, fairness, and inclusion is so interesting. At work, the issues that make us human are sometimes the same things that cease us from constructing extra diverse and inclusive environments. It’s human nature to kind nearer bonds with people who are much like us.

Rituals bring the tradition to life and have become more necessary for distant teams. Rituals create a sense of belonging inside the team, fostering resilience in the face of challenges. When team members feel a powerful connection and shared function, they are more prone to support each other throughout tough occasions.

Once every week, the jar is opened and every person shares their notes, acknowledging the one who earned the glory. At Spotify, teams have common fail-fikas (fika is the Swedish word for having a espresso and chatting together). At Heiligenfeld, a German firm specializing in holistic well being care, the “Who will ring the bell today? When floor guidelines aren’t respected, the sound of the bell invites individuals to reflect on their own behaviors.

Music can create a temper, but it additionally eases stress and supports a artistic circulate state. Have staff co-create a soundtrack for a project phase or different task. They can stream their playlist remotely or within the office for a shared productiveness push. Most remote teams wrestle because their ways of working don’t align with their group behaviors. Instead of forcing social occasions or generic productivity strategies, begin by understanding how your staff naturally communicates, decides, and will get things done. Effective communication stands at the coronary heart of successful distant team management.

Rituals help teammates collaborate and talk more successfully — and have enjoyable, too. Browse real-world AI voice agent use cases throughout sales, help, and operations. Co-create your future product or content material on-line with this visible UI Online mockup template.

Virtual espresso breaks, check-ins, and celebrating achievements are well-liked virtual rituals. These informal, video-based conferences mimic bodily office interactions, promoting camaraderie and private connections. As remote work becomes increasingly prevalent, fostering a way of belonging and cohesion among distributed groups is essential. Inclusive rituals can play a pivotal position in cultivating a supportive virtual surroundings, the place team members really feel valued and related, regardless of their bodily location.

Hybrid environments current a super alternative to help rising leaders develop their abilities. Rituals can double as casual coaching moments in spaces the place rising leaders practice communication, facilitation, and reflection in entrance of their peers. Rituals give leaders the opportunity to help leaders clarify strategies and align techniques, making certain that both distant and on-site employees feel like they’re working toward the same priorities. With rising burnout and fixed change, particularly in a hybrid work model, fatigue can rapidly catch up. These rituals can prove to be an anchor that staff can hold on to.

By designing and sustaining meaningful rituals, groups can transcend physical boundaries and build a cohesive, thriving tradition. Team tradition is more than perks or colourful workplace walls—it’s the shared values, rituals, and emotional connections that drive performance and satisfaction. Celebrating small victories can considerably increase morale amongst remote groups. Weekly check-ins supply a chance for group members to share their accomplishments, challenges, and plans for the upcoming week. These coffee breaks present employees with an opportunity to recharge mentally whereas constructing relationships within the staff.

Start celebrating milestones nearly with trivia nights, Zoom-enabled pleased hours, and different on-line occasions that humanize screen-only coworkers. Our lineup of five-minute activities for groups includes another rituals you’ll discover on this record. Plus, cool stressbusters like Emoji Decoder and the Surgeon General-endorsed Show and Tell.

Setting a clear intention will help shape the structure and tone of the ritual and make sure that it resonates with the group. Everyone would tell that beloved one all the reasons they liked working with their colleague. It became a beautiful, emotional ritual that the entire staff would look forward to. I keep in mind the seven o’clock clapping of arms in Brooklyn the place I lived. There was this natural need to still feel linked to a minimum of one another even after we could not be physically collectively. Traditional culture measurement relied closely on in-person statement and casual suggestions.

This is why a culture of asynchronous communication issues too. You can message somebody at their 9PM so lengthy as they do not feel obliged to reply immediately. It’s extremely simple for remote work to seep into your free time. Before you know it, you’ll feel as if you’re at all times on, continually working. That’s one of the the reason why you want asynchronous communication. You ought to never count on somebody to reply to your message instantly.

Without consistency and buy-in, rituals can die out earlier than they ever become a part of the team’s culture. Remember that the most lasting rituals are sometimes the best ones done with intention, not perfection. Peer appreciation is a great way to encourage real-time recognition and strengthen relationships. A dedicated Slack channel makes this simple and accessible for everybody creating an ongoing ritual that reinforces positivity and group bonding practices.

Which means you should not draw back from assigning accountability, even initially. You’re not just a staff manager; you’re a valued particular person and staff member. So be positive that you don’t take on extra responsibility that you can genuinely preserve without putting yourself vulnerable to emotional, physical, and mental overload.

Share recollections, look forward, and celebrate members who went above and past in the past 12 months. Consider sending your remote team members a small get together package with mini-treats, drinks, and an ornate glass they will “cheers” with. Celebrate meaningful milestones that actually honor the team’s hard work.

Teambuilding activities enhance connection, belonging, and cohesion. It consists of selling psychological safety, collaboration, and productiveness. Actively building and developing teams is important to deal with altering dynamics – teams are versatile and members rotate frequently. Amy Edmondson believes that teaming is crucial to organizational studying – the hassle requires creating each affective (feeling) and cognitive (thinking) expertise. Many people use the terms icebreakers, staff building actions, and rituals interchangeably.

However, most continue to make use of them with a synchronous mentality – or no one thought of whether or not they had been fixing communication problems or adding new ones. Rituals can enhance interpersonal relationships by attending to know every group member better. Team rituals are efficient methods to reinforce optimistic behaviors by celebrating achievements. You also can use them to extend mindfulness, wellbeing, and empathy. The pandemic democratized work by making everyone work at home. Research shows that introverts and minority groups feel safer now in comparison with working within the office.

Managers typically struggle to lead effectively once they don’t have visibility into what their group is engaged on or the best platforms for collaboration. Organizations design team rituals to kick-off new initiatives, welcome new hires, celebrate wins, and promote particular mindsets and behaviors, amongst many other issues. The end of each week is a superb time to deliver everyone together. If your schedules don’t enable it with time zones otherwise you don’t have one thing planned, simply make it as common as possible.

While reside video meetings increase morale and get everyone on the identical web page, usually, an enormous majority of invitees can’t make it. Avoid leaving folks behind by recording your team conferences – whether or not it is a day by day, weekly, or all-hands. Nothing makes a staff stronger than coping with hardship collectively. Sharing the pain is the secret sauce for high-performing virtual teams. That’s considered one of David Burkus’ key items of advice to make a remote staff really feel like a staff.

Essentially, your team doesn’t wish to spend time on another status update that’s disguised as a “fun” group huddle. The purpose is to enable every team to take a step again and establish the optimistic and negative points of the iteration, with a view to continuous improvement. The thought is to find ways of optimizing their collaboration, work processes and productivity for the following iteration. A day by day meeting or “Team Sync” is a every day meeting between an agile coach and his staff to discuss the work in progress, any issues, and the next steps to be taken. This assembly enables the coach to keep abreast of what staff members are doing, to establish any obstacles that might be stopping them from progressing, and to supply recommendation. This time of exchange significantly facilitates the administration of dependencies between groups.

It’s the engineer who solves a difficult bug at 9 PM with nobody to share the win with. It’s the designer who helps a colleague with a last-minute request, an act that goes utterly unnoticed. Tools like Miro and Asana enable teams to visualise decision-making processes and preserve transparency.

There are lots of variations on that theme, however a great 80% of the rituals that I’ve attended or written have some construction just like the above. What typically makes a ritual efficient is to have a source of power, help, or guidance that is outside of you that you could name upon as part of that work. This may be immediately tied to your framework (Step 2) or can be separate out of your framework.

When it involves constructing connection in groups, rituals are the quiet heroes. They don’t need to be sophisticated or pricey, they simply have to be consistent and significant. Whether it’s sharing chips on a Tuesday or taking two minutes to check in at the start of a meeting, these repeated moments of togetherness build culture one small act at a time.

Create one additional desktop at present in your communication apps (Email, Slack, Teams) and keep your primary desktop for precise work. Once you experience that separation, you’ll surprise the way you ever lived with out it. You can repeat this process to create as many desktops as your RAM can deal with, though most users discover 3 to 4 to be the candy spot for productivity. Creating a brand new area is step one to organizing your digital life.

For these working in bigger organizations where these initiatives require approval, focus your pitch on measurable outcomes that executives care about. Effective implementation strategies must align with a team’s specific stage of development, balancing pace, scalability, and sustainability. Quarterly sessions targeted not on options delivered however on technical debt and system well being. The improved documentation also shortened onboarding time for new team members, who could understand not simply what choices had been made but why they were made. Asynchronous technical design collaborations ship substantial improvements to architectural high quality and documentation. These sessions deliver multiple technical advantages that tackle the common challenges of distributed development.

Start your week with a quick, elective staff ritual—like a one-word check-in, a Monday meme change, or a “what’s one factor you’re looking forward to? These short bursts of connection set the tone for the week ahead. One of the best ways for brand spanking new hires to begin to slot in and embody the culture is to apply the rituals the team makes use of to bolster optimum behaviors. Company rituals help new workers study from their friends and see the impact the process has on the group.

They’re especially valuable—but often difficult to get right—on hybrid or remote teams, where it’s more durable to feel a sense of belonging. Creating a sense of belonging and connection is essential for remote groups, particularly when group members be a part of without having the opportunity to satisfy in person. As Mathieu explains, conferences round U-shaped tables are a thing of the past. Meetings are held where they are wanted, and when they are wanted. Some on site, others remotely, sometimes standing up in meeting rooms or in more convivial areas. When they go away the assembly room, Crédit Agricole Côte d’Armor groups can develop their creativity and express themselves as they see match.

This makes them important for any remote group wanting robust cohesion and effective collaboration. To build belief in remote LATAM groups, it’s essential to create alternatives for personal connections. The evolving nature of work—especially the rise of hybrid and distant models—presents further challenges. Over 50% of workers in world firms now work remotely a minimum of part-time, making it harder to maintain a cohesive culture.

Weekly check-ins provide an excellent alternative to determine consistency in your hybrid group. Set aside a specific time each week for brief, structured meetings where team members can share updates, challenges, and targets. This common touchpoint helps solidify relationships and permits you to preserve a pulse on staff dynamics, finally resulting in higher accountability and efficiency. To bridge the hole between in-person and virtual interactions, leveraging expertise is essential.

At a time when increasingly folks are rethinking their careers and altering roles it’s “the mutual appreciation of the present team that helps to galvanize everybody collectively,” Sean says. On the other finish of the spectrum, “Sometimes it’s best when insurance policies aren’t official,” as Amanda once tweeted. The finest rituals aren’t at all times formalized into your company wiki, even much less so when your group continues to be in its infancy. Amanda was the first rent outside of the founding team, and when she joined cofounders Rand Fishkin and Casey Henry sent her a beautiful shock welcome present crammed with Italian meals objects. And identical to many different sports activities analogies, team rituals have gradually migrated to the company world. Small, consistent practices compound into stronger relationships, clearer communication, and sustained performance.

Then it’s the answerer’s turn to choose the following team member they want to discuss to. Did you understand that fewer than one in 10 remote-capable workers wants to go to the office full-time? It’s a fairly unsurprising statistic given the popularity of flexible work arrangements.

When rituals are well-designed and consistently executed, they influence extra than simply workflow. They start to merge culture and decision-making right into a cohesive management apply. They scale back ambiguity, promote ownership, and sign what’s essential, with out overwhelming groups with top-down messaging. Rituals can embody a spread of codecs, such as short weekly reflections, rotational team huddles, peer teaching circles, gratitude partitions, and even digital celebration events. Each one should serve a function, whether or not to spark innovation, have fun progress, or remedy urgent challenges. To fight this, supply a variety of interactive rituals catering to totally different pursuits.

Collective studying helps staff members get to know one another higher as they work together and share what they’ve discovered. It’s a good way to get together and convey the group nearer collectively at the same time. By getting individuals to attach with each other across actual distances, these packs assist group members get along higher. When you work from home and do not get to see many people, these packs are very helpful for making you are feeling such as you’re all on this together. One beauty of coupons is that they can be used in many alternative methods. A lot of e-commerce sites accept them, and team members can choose their own prizes.

This principle sits at the heart of Carbon’s strategy to distributed staff design. We focus not only on creating techniques that scale, however on nurturing the on a daily basis habits that hold people linked. Connection inside distributed groups doesn’t occur by likelihood, it is constructed via small, intentional rituals.

Successful distributed teams recognise that point differences require intentional coordination strategies. First, establish clear expectations for individual response occasions, allowing longer home windows when group members are outdoors their regular working hours. One of the largest hurdles in remote work isn’t communication — it’s miscommunication. Without the right tools, it’s simple for messages to get lost, deadlines to slip, or paperwork to turn out to be outdated. That’s why investing in the proper tech stack isn’t simply useful — it’s essential. When individuals understand how their work connects to company targets, they’re three.5x more engaged.

Office staff have designated begin and finish occasions, regimented breaks, staff lunches, rituals, and traditions. As we’ve all discovered over lockdown, digital meetings can go incorrect — sometimes with hilarious outcomes (looking at you, kitten lawyer). But while mishaps can flip into viral gold, most are only a bit annoying. To assist digital conferences run smoothly, think about making a guide or constitution that sets out some floor guidelines. The productiveness is sky-high, there are zero morning traffic jams, and we now have more flexibility — not to mention Casual Friday is daily. In fact, remote work is proving so in style; it’s risen 44% over the previous five years.

Getting everybody excited and making the occasion enjoyable while connecting from across the globe is operationally difficult and a little bit of a logistical nightmare to get proper. It’s essential to assign an owner of the playbook (aka Head of Remote) If you’d like some assist creating your individual remote-first workplace, visit remote-how.com. And if you’d like free access to more expertise about how to construct profitable remote teams, head over to the Remote First Institute. Get an understanding of the present remote/hybrid setup and employee experience through surveys and interviews.

Cross-training sessions involve teaching colleagues skills exterior one’s traditional job responsibilities, selling data sharing and collaboration amongst team members. Encourage workers to host brief workshops where they share experience in particular areas related to their roles. Team-building workshops are time-tested strategies of strengthening collaboration but differ broadly in format and focus.

Share: